布达拉宫 Tibet Potala Palace

“布达拉”系舟岛，是梵音译，又译作“普陀罗”或“普陀”，原指观世音菩萨所居之岛。拉萨布达拉宫俗称第二普陀罗山。

布达拉宫海拔3700多米，占地总面积36万余平方米，建筑总面积13万余平方米，主楼高117米，共13层，其中宫殿、灵塔殿、佛殿、经堂、僧舍、庭院等一应俱全，是当今世上海拔最高、规模最大的宫堡式建筑群。

布达拉宫依山垒砌，群楼重迭，殿宇嵯峨，气势雄伟，有横空出世、气贯苍穹之势，坚实墩厚的花岗石墙体，松茸平展的白玛草墙领，金碧辉煌的金顶，具有强烈装饰效果的巨大鎏金宝瓶、幢和红幡，交相映辉，红、白黄3种色彩的鲜明对比，分部合筑、层层套接的建筑型体，都体现了藏族古建筑迷人的特色。布达拉宫是藏建筑的杰出代表，也是中华民族古建筑的精华之作。

布达拉宫是历世达赖喇嘛的冬宫，也是过去西藏地方统治者政教合一的统治中心，从五世达赖喇嘛起，重大的宗教、政治仪式均在此举行，同时又是供奉历世达赖喇嘛灵塔的地方。

布达拉宫主体建筑为白宫和红宫。

白宫，是达赖喇嘛的冬宫，也曾是原西藏地方政府办事机构所在地，高7层。位于第4层中央的东有寂圆满大殿（措庆夏司西平措），是布达拉宫白宫最大的殿堂，面积717平方米，这里是达赖嘛嘛坐床、新政大典等重大宗教和政治活动场所。第5、6两层是摄政办公和生活用房等。最高处第7层有两套达赖喇嘛冬季的起居宫，由于这里终日阳光普照，故称东、西日光殿。

红宫，主要是达赖喇嘛的灵塔殿和各类佛殿：共有8座存放各世达赖喇嘛法体的灵塔，其中以五世达赖喇嘛灵塔殿为最大。西有寂圆满大殿（措庆努司平措）是五世达赖喇嘛灵塔殿的享堂，也是布达拉宫最大的殿堂，面积725平方米，内壁满绘壁画。其中，五世达赖喇嘛去京觐见清顺治皇帝的壁画是最著名的。殿内达赖喇嘛宝座上方高悬清乾隆皇帝御书“涌莲初地”匾额。法王洞（曲吉竹普）等部分建筑是吐蕃时期遗存的布达拉宫最早的建筑物，内有极为珍贵的松赞干布、文成公主、尺尊公主和禄东赞等人的塑像。殊胜三界殿，是红宫最高的殿堂。现供有清乾隆皇帝画象及十三世达赖喇嘛花费万余两白银铸成的一尊十一面观音像。十三世达赖喇嘛灵塔殿，是布达拉宫最晚的建筑，1933年动工，3年建成。此外还有上师殿、普贤追随殿、响铜殿、时轮殿、释迦能仁殿、释迦百行殿、花师殿、菩提道次第殿、持明殿、世袭殿等殿堂。

This ancient architectural complex is considered a model of Tibetan architecture. Located on the Red Hill in Lhasa, Tibet, it is 3,700 meters above sea level and covers an area of over 360,000 square meters, measuring 360 meters from east to west and 270 meters from south to north. The palace has 13 stories, and is 117 meters high.

In 641, Songtsan Gambo, ruler of the Tubo Kingdom, had the Potala Palace built for Princess Wencheng of the Tang Dynasty, whom he was soon to marry. This structure was later burned to the ground during a war and was rebuilt in the 17th century by the Fifth Dalai Lama. Repeated repairs and expansions until 1645 finally brought the palace to its present scale. Over the past three centuries, the palace gradually became a place where the Dalai Lama lived and worked and a place for keeping the remains of successive Dalai Lama.

The stone-and-wood-structured Potala Palace consists of the White Palace and Red Palace. The White Palace, comprising halls, temples and courtyards, serves as the living quarters of the Dalai Lama. The Red Palace includes various chambers for worshipping Buddha and chambers housing the eight stupa that contain the remains of fifth through thirteenth Dalai Lama. All the stupas are covered with gold foil. The most magnificent stupa belongs to the fifth Dalai Lama. It is 14.85 meters tall and inlaid with pearl and jade. The palace also collected a large number of sculptures, murals, scripture and other valuable cultural relics.

In 1994, the palace joined the list of world cultural heritage sites.


链接：
拉萨旅游景点  Lhasa Destination
拉萨风光图片  Lhasa Photos
西藏风景图库  Tibet  Photos